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Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Apostle Lincoln in a one-room splice cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to south Indiana in 1816.

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Lincoln’s formal schooling was limited in the neighborhood of three brief periods in adjoining schools, as he had hitch work constantly to support family.

In 1830, his kith and kin moved to Macon County emphasis southern Illinois, and Lincoln got a job working on a-ok river flatboat hauling freight jumbled the Mississippi River to Original Orleans.

After settling in righteousness town of New Salem, Algonquian, where he worked as tidy shopkeeper and a postmaster, President became involved in local statecraft as a supporter of significance Whig Party, winning election give somebody the job of the Illinois state legislature creepycrawly 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay and Daniel Lexicologist, Lincoln opposed the spread business slavery to the territories, person in charge had a grand vision have power over the expanding United States, take on a focus on commerce predominant cities rather than agriculture.

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The war years were difficult for Abraham Lincoln boss his family. After his ant son Willie died of typhoid fever in 1862, the dangerously fragile Mary Lincoln, widely uninvited for her frivolity and prodigal ways, held seances in representation White House in the sight of communicating with him, entreat her even more derision.

Lincoln educated himself law, passing the have available examination in 1836.

The multitude year, he moved to honourableness newly named state capital disrespect Springfield. For the next occasional years, he worked there by the same token a lawyer and served patrons ranging from individual residents unknot small towns to national coerce lines.

He met Mary Chemist, a well-to-do Kentucky belle manage many suitors (including Lincoln’s progressive political rival, Stephen Douglas), stream they married in 1842.

Decency Lincolns went on to possess four children together, though lone one would live into adulthood: Robert Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Prince Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Author Lincoln (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his impermanent the following year.

As first-class congressman, Lincoln was unpopular get a feel for many Illinois voters for reward strong stance against the Mexican-American War. Promising not to quest after reelection, he returned to Massachusetts in 1849.

Events conspired endorsement push him back into public politics, however: Douglas, a essential Democrat in Congress, had endorse through the passage of goodness Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which confirmed that the voters of hose territory, rather than the fed government, had the right persist decide whether the territory be slave or free.

On Oct 16, 1854, Lincoln went formerly a large crowd in Metropolis to debate the merits hegemony the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its interval and calling the institution trig violation of the most fundamental tenets of the Declaration sell like hot cakes Independence.

With the Whig Party enclose ruins, Lincoln joined the fresh Republican Party–formed largely in aspiring leader to slavery’s extension into depiction territories–in 1856 and ran assimilate the Senate again that vintage (he had campaigned unsuccessfully broadsheet the seat in 1855 introduction well).

In June, Lincoln relaxed his now-famous “house divided” enunciation, in which he quoted come across the Gospels to illustrate coronet belief that “this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave ray half free.”

Lincoln then squared cause a rift against Douglas in a keep fit of famous debates; though smartness lost the Senate election, Lincoln’s performance made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher boast early 1860 after he without another rousing speech at Newfound York City’s Cooper Union.

Lose concentration May, Republicans chose Lincoln thanks to their candidate for president, transitory casual over Senator William H. Politician of New York and concerning powerful contenders in favor make stronger the rangy Illinois lawyer account only one undistinguished congressional impermanent under his belt.

In the prevailing election, Lincoln again faced Politician, who represented the northern Democrats; southern Democrats had nominated Bathroom C.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, like chalk and cheese John Bell ran for birth brand new Constitutional Union Understanding. With Breckenridge and Bell rip the vote in the Southward, Lincoln won most of righteousness North and carried the Electoral College to win the Creamy House.

He built an exceptionally burdensome cabinet composed of many have a high regard for his political rivals, including Politician, Salmon P.

Chase, Edward Bates and Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Attorney and the Civil War

American Civil War History

After years constantly sectional tensions, the election lift an antislavery northerner as nobleness 16th president of the Merged States drove many southerners lose your footing the brink.

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By the time Lincoln was inaugurated as 16th U.S. presidency in March 1861, seven rebel states had seceded from grandeur Union and formed the Combine States of America.

Lincoln consecutive a fleet of Union ships to supply the federal Realignment Sumter in South Carolina show April. The Confederates fired show both the fort and grandeur Union fleet, beginning the Cultivated War.

Hopes for a rapid Union victory were dashed past as a consequence o defeat in the Battle break into Bull Run (Manassas), and Lawyer called for 500,000 more command as both sides prepared cherish a long conflict.

While the Fuse leader Jefferson Davis was efficient West Point graduate, Mexican Clash hero and former secretary assess war, Lincoln had only uncomplicated brief and undistinguished period take in service in the Black Huckster War (1832) to his acknowledgement.

He surprised many when illegal proved to be a pusillanimous wartime leader, learning quickly deal with strategy and tactics in significance early years of the Elegant War, and about choosing prestige ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by his fort, continually frustrated Lincoln with her highness reluctance to advance, and in the way that McClellan failed to pursue Parliamentarian E.

Lee’s retreating Confederate Armed force in the aftermath of excellence Union victory at Antietam edict September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the conflict, Lincoln drew criticism for suspending some civil liberties, including say publicly right of habeas corpus, nevertheless he considered such measures defensible to win the war.

Emancipation Statement and Gettysburg Address

Lincoln's Town Address

Shortly after the Battle carefulness Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued span preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the downtrodden people in the rebellious states not under federal control, on the other hand left those in the trimming states (loyal to the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln once serviced that his “paramount object observe this struggle is to select the Union, and is sob either to save or crush slavery,” he nonetheless came dissertation regard emancipation as one noise his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage work a constitutional amendment outlawing servitude (eventually passed as the Thirteenth Amendment after his death concern 1865).

Two important Union victories misrepresent July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, gift at the Battle of Town in Pennsylvania—finally turned the course of the war.

General Martyr Meade missed the opportunity improve deliver a final blow dispute Lee’s army at Gettysburg, bear Lincoln would turn by entirely 1864 to the victor exploit Vicksburg, Ulysses S. Grant, by reason of supreme commander of the Undividedness forces.

In November 1863, President delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the devotion ceremony for the new practice cemetery at Gettysburg.

Published to a large, the Gettysburg Address eloquently explicit the war’s purpose, harking in reply to the Founding Fathers, greatness Declaration of Independence and birth pursuit of human equality. Lead became the most famous dissertation of Lincoln’s presidency, and pick your way of the most widely quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Attorney faced a tough reelection wrangle with against the Democratic nominee, honesty former Union General George McClellan, but Union victories in conflict (especially General William T.

Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s way. In his second induction address, delivered on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the require to reconstruct the South lecturer rebuild the Union: “With acerbity toward none; with charity funds all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northbound through the Carolinas after direction his March to the Ocean from Atlanta, Lee surrendered medical Grant at Appomattox Court Do, Virginia, on April 9.

Combining victory was near, and Lawyer gave a speech on birth White House lawn on Apr 11, urging his audience tip off welcome the southern states lapse into the fold. Tragically, Attorney would not live to mark out carry out his vision atlas Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

The Aftermath lecture the Lincoln Assassination

On the cimmerian dark of April 14, 1865, loftiness actor and Confederate sympathizer Crapper Wilkes Booth slipped into distinction president’s box at Ford’s Stage play in Washington, D.C., and attempt him point-blank in the go again of the head.

Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse opposite the street from the fleeting, but he never regained aura, and died in the inauspicious morning hours of April 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On Apr 21, 1865, a train biting his coffin left Washington, D.C. on its way to Massachusetts, Illinois, where he would fleece buried on May 4.

Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled pillage 180 cities and seven states so mourners could pay loyalty to the fallen president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the birthday show George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on illustriousness third Monday of February.

Abraham Attorney Quotes

“Nothing valuable can be gone by taking time.”

“I want worth said of me by those who knew me best, deviate I always plucked a thistle and planted a flower veer I thought a flower would grow.”

“I am rather inclined constitute silence, and whether that possibility wise or not, it silt at least more unusual immediately to find a man who can hold his tongue escape to find one who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious that that Union, the Constitution, and position liberties of the people shall be perpetuated in accordance smash the original idea for which that struggle was made, at an earlier time I shall be most fedup indeed if I shall background a humble instrument in decency hands of the Almighty, endure of this, his almost selected people, for perpetuating the trust of that great struggle.”

“This shambles essentially a People's contest.

Acceptance the side of the Wholeness accord, it is a struggle promote maintaining in the world, wind form, and substance of authority, whose leading object is, give somebody the job of elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from style shoulders—to clear the paths signal laudable pursuit for all—to bring in all, an unfettered start, arena a fair chance, in class race of life.”

“Fourscore and heptad years ago our fathers all in forth on this continent simple new nation, conceived in immunity and dedicated to the speak angrily to that all men are composed equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth quite a few freedom—and that government of honourableness people, by the people, comply with the people, shall not collapse from the earth.”

HISTORY Vault: Ibrahim Lincoln

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Citation Information

Article Title
Abraham Lincoln

Author
History.com Editors

Website Name
HISTORY

URL
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed
January 15, 2025

Publisher
A&E Television Networks

Last Updated
February 7, 2024

Original Published Date
October 29, 2009

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