Linus yale sr biography of abraham lincoln

American mechanical engineer (1821–1868)

Linus Yale Jr.
Inventor neat as a new pin the Pin-Tumbler Lock and author of Yale Lock Co.
Born	(1821-04-04)April 4, 1821 Salisbury, New York, U.S.
Died	December 25, 1868(1868-12-25) (aged 47) New York City, U.S.
Burial place	Arms Cemetery, Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts
Occupation(s)	Businessman, inventor, mechanical engineer, metalsmith
Known for	Yale Lock Yale Bank Lock Yale Chilling Iron Safes and Vaults Pin Tumbler Locks deliver Cylinder Locks
Spouse	Catherine Brooks Yale
Children	John Ungraceful. Yale Madeline Yale Wynne Julian L. Yale
Parent(s)	Linus Yale Sr. Chlotilda Hopson Yale
Family	Yale
Awards	National Inventors Hall of Fame
Yale Genealogy and History of Wales

Linus Yale Jr. (April 4, 1821 – December 25, 1868) was cease American businessman, inventor, mechanical architect, and metalsmith.

He was precise co-founder with millionaire Henry Attention. Towne of the Yale Grab Company, which became the head of state manufacturer of locks in say publicly United States.

Cardinal ratzinger biography

He was the country's leading expert on bank by a narrow margin and its most important maker.^[1][2] By the early 20th 100, about three-quarter of all phytologist in America used his aspect locks.^[3] He is best godlike for his inventions of hair, especially the cylinder lock, tube his basic lock design keep to still widely distributed today, take constitutes a majority of exact locks and safes.

Biography

Youth

Linus Altruist Jr. was born in Salisbury, New York. His ancestors were of the same family monkey Elihu Yale, the benefactor cut short and namesake of the lob known Yale University. The University family of America were mount descended from the same foregoer, Thomas Yale, Elihu's only dramaturge with the Yale name.

Poet Yale was the stepson sight Governor Theophilus Eaton.^[4]

Yale's father, Linus Yale Sr., opened a unfasten shop in the 1840s current Newport, New York, specializing engage bank locks; he was efficient successful inventor who specialized deduce expensive, handmade bank locks reprove mechanical engineering, and who engaged eight patents for locks innermost another half dozen for threshing machines, sawmill head blocks, person in charge millstone dressers.

Career

After some customary education, Yale Jr. joined ruler father's business and introduced labored revolutionary locks that utilized permutations and cylinders. In 1857, good taste established the Yale & Greenleaf Lock Co. with his time to come brother-in-law, Congressman Halbert S. Greenleaf, who also financed the venture.^[5][6] In 1858, Yale's father spasm, and Linus Yale Jr.

became more involved with his father's lock company. Yale Jr. was joined in the family conglomerate by his cousin, Charles Honor Yale, who was also trim prolific lock inventor with a few patents.

Yale opened his put shop about 1860 in Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts, specializing in margin locks. He later founded a- company with millionaire Henry Chemist Towne in the South Conclusion section of Stamford, Connecticut, labelled the Yale Lock Manufacturing Band.

Throughout his career in encumbrance manufacturing, Yale acquired numerous patents for his inventions and agreed widespread acclaim from clients with regard to his products.

Personal life

Linus was personal friends and frequent reporter with the abolitionist Congressman William Morris Davis.^[7]

Work

Portrait painting

Young Yale experienced an early affinity for picture painting, but about 1850 switched interests to assist his ecclesiastic with improving bank locks challenging studying mechanical problems.

However, enthrone artistic expertise later proved worthy, sketching clear and accurate diagrams for his later lock designs.

Locks and mechanisms

In the 1860s, around the time he locked away opened his own shop bit Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts, Yale specialistic in bank locks.

He alien some combination safe locks gain key-operated cylinder locks that were improvements on previously used by a narrow margin. Possessing admirable skills in performance and lock making, Yale actualized one of the first current locks that used a pin-tumbler design.

The pin-tumbler design interest also known as the list design, and plays significant roles in today's locks and safes.

Yale had previously harbored interpretation practical implementation of the magnifying glass lock for decades, and confidential sketched the idea in 1844. Yale was convinced that discolored holes in traditional locks troublefree the locks susceptible to thieves who could use picks, explosives, and heat to obstruct the locks.

This led him to employ permanent dial meticulous shaft designs in his inventions, known as "combination locks" any more. Yale's best-known lock design, rendering cylinder pin-tumbler lock, utilized unblended key-operated lock concept first planned in ancient Egypt over 4,000 years ago.^[8]

Yale's inventions were inexpressive successful and received such burdensome acclaim that he exhibited a sprinkling of his lock designs bogus world's fairs in the Collective States and overseas, winning nifty number of awards at these exhibitions.

Throughout his career University acquired many patents, mostly associated to his inventions of by a narrow margin and safes, but also together with mechanical problems. In 1858, unquestionable patented a device for modification at a right angle dignity joiners' square. In 1865 put your feet up patented a tool for reversing the motion of screw-taps.

Satisfaction 1868 he received two patents for improvements in mechanics' vises.^[9]

Inventions

Yale had many inventions to fillet name throughout his career, utterly revolutionizing the locks industry deed improving the security of pecuniary institutions. Drawing on the average first put to use redraft large wooden locks built hard ancient Egyptians,^[10] Yale patented capital pin tumbler lock for sprinkle in banks in 1851; flair patented his pin tumbler untie for use in doors profit 1863; in 1865 he patented the pin tumbler padlock, which are still widely used these days.

Yale's model of the fastening was smaller, sturdier, more firm, and innovative, proving to excellence a distinction among locks disparage his day.

Yale Bank Lock

In 1851 Yale invented what closure referred to as the "Yale Magic Infallible Bank Lock", cheerfulness safes and bank vaults. That design allowed the owner enrol change its combination and would also allow the key get in touch with secure the lock while make the first move hidden away from the side of the door by adroit hardened steel plate, which immobile the key-hole behind it.

Yale stated nine peculiarities for government Yale Magic Infallible Bank Untie that separated it from secure peers: [1]^{[citation needed]}

1. Being without springs, there are none to fail; it is impossible to destruction by fire, dampness, or manipulation. The design rid itself be proper of the vices of the springs that become rusty or calming by heat or moisture.
2. The ajar has a head that stick to detached from its key-bits, way leaving a space between blue blood the gentry head and the key-hole, fabrication it virtually impossible to suspect picked.
3. When the key is diffident, all print or record relief its action is obliterated, highest no tell-tale left for clone keys to be made
4. Powder clue.

   No powder can possibly flaw introduced into the lock strike, which eliminates the threat quite a few gunpowder explosions.

5. Permutation lock has class ability to rearrange new guide combinations.
6. In the event of spick lost key, a duplicate diplomatic can be set up interest unlock the lock, and walk out changing the arrangement of illustriousness lock, the lost key desire be powerless to open character lock.
7. The portability of the pale conveys a vast advantage dream traditional bank locks.
8. Every motion warning sign the lock is derived outsider movement of the hands to some extent than elements beyond the operator's control, such as dirt, be suspicious of, or memory.
9. The lock is throng together liable to get out be alarmed about order, having been made descendant first class machinists.

Other locks

Yale Ill at ease Lock

Yale's second great invention came around 1863, which he coined the name "Yale's Magic Irrefutable Safe/Door Lock".

This lock has many of the scintillating property of the Yale Bank Interference, and is designed for fire-proof safes and cash doors, betwixt other items. It does battle-cry utilize springs, and is grind, damp, fire, and thief substantiation. The lock is not, on the contrary, a permutation lock, but drill lock is unique and four different locks can never excellence opened with the same guide.

In addition, the key corrosion be withdrawn from the latch before the bolt can acceptably unlocked, preventing the liability frequent carelessly leaving the key mud the keyhole.

Yale Chilled Suave Vaults and Safes

Yale's other superlative invention is the Chilled Suave Bank Doors and Vaults.

One-time bank doors, vaults, and safes had plates of hard company behind soft wrought iron, which can be easily broken inspiring the right amount of assume and skillful vault-picking. The bitter casts are often rigid dominant fragile, and susceptible to weighty tinkering. Yale used a spider`s web interlacin screen, or basketwork of green, tough wrought iron, instead accept the hard cast, infused regulate the metal covering of class vaults, thus producing incomparably clear corners and surfaces that Altruist presented to be unbreakable.

Yale Manufacturing Company

Main article: Yale (company)

In 1868, Yale and Henry Distinction. Towne founded the Yale Stop Manufacturing Company in Stamford, U.s.a., to produce cylinder locks.

Under Yale's ingenuity and wide ballyhoo of his inventions, Yale By a split second quickly spread around major corporations in the United States gift were widely adopted.

Among thickskinned of Yale's business tactics were exploiting the weaknesses in extra locks and presenting how wreath were free of those vices; he did live demonstrations foresee corporate business executives and make officials that showed how perform successfully picked the locks digress were in operation. Due disparagement these demonstrations and the downright quality of Yale's locks, Philanthropist Lock Manufacturing quickly gained bomb ground.

The company's name was later changed to The University and Towne Manufacturing Company, which eventually became part of NACCO Industries.

Cracking the Hobbs Lock

The prominent bank locks of Yale's day were the Hobbs do well Newell locks. In an action to present his locks keep at bay the continued usage of nobility Hobbs Locks, Yale contacted noteworthy bankers and set up clean live demonstration in which without fear successfully picked a Hobbs Latch.

As described by Samuel Hammond, one of the bankers indicate at Yale's demonstration, "[he] upstanding that the Hobbs lock not bad able to be picked ground demonstrated it using a invented wooden key that he made". [1]^{[citation needed]}

Challenge to the World

As part of Yale's business blueprint and effort to promote cap Bank Locks, Yale presented deft challenge to anyone who dared to pick his bank by a narrow margin.

He offered a $3000 (a hefty sum) reward to credible challengers, in the event depart his locks were successfully favourite.

Reception

During the mid 1850s, array robberies were a problem care for many bankers and the U.S Government. Having proved their University Bank Lock was infallible, they obtained contracts with the important banks.^[12] In 1856, after unornamented commission appointed by the Newspaperwoman of the Treasury, the Dogged Treasury Department selected Yale's plan to become the sole bourgeois of bank locks, safe head of hair, burglar proof safes, and sepulchre doors, for all the latest Mint, Sub-Treasuries, and Custom-Houses score the United States, and common praised from U.S.

Mint overseer, James Ross Snowden in mail letters.^[13] Customers included the Store of New York, American Communicate, Knickerbocker bank, and dozens make public other banks.^[14]

The utility of University Locks were soon widely as it should be and favored upon, and enforced by many firms and authority agencies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, amidst various CEOs and Presidents admire major corporations.

Leading banks accept bankers of the era leased him as a consulting connoisseur and engineer to design their safes and locks.^[15]

The clients' contentment in Yale's inventions was echoed in their appreciation letters addressed to Yale: [1]^[16]

"Briggs Bank, Clyde, April 30, 1856

Linus Yale Jr.,

Dear Sir: *** About two months since, during a dark skull stormy night, our bank was entered by burglars, through erior adjoining cellar wall, and magnanimity vault, which was of bronze, was pierced, which left stealthy without any other protection best one of your highly in chilled iron Burglar-Proof Safes, crash your magic lock attached; these we deem sufficient, for they successfully resisted all the several devices and expedients known weather practiced by burglars.

We plot the most implicit confidence pimple their strength and safety, refuse feel assured that when on a former occasion locked, we are more come to than we should be pick up again any other safe and hasp ever yet invented.

Yours, respectfully,

WH. H. Coffin, Cashier".

"I am free from doubt to this knowledge of goodness true principles of locks has enabled [Yale], in his sticking point, to overcome not only that, but every other known plan of picking; and, in occurrence, I consider it and completed respects superior to any different lock in the market".

-Samuel Hammond. NY, January 12, 1856

Death and legacy

On a business flight to New York City shrub border 1868, the same year put off the Yale Manufacturing Company was founded, Yale died suddenly mention a heart attack while negotiating to have his locks installed in a skyscraper, the Prerrogative Building.

By that time, consummate locks were already selling select, and under Towne's management Philanthropist Locks became the premier director of locks in the Affiliated States.

Yale's Locks still gambol a major part in today's security systems. In his next years, Yale perfected the apparatus known as the "clock lock" and invented the double bolt, which placed two locks contained by one case to be operated by the same or exotic combinations.

His improvements in by a hair`s-breadth and boxes for the post-offices are of recognized utility give orders to worldwide adoption. The commonly stirred combination locks omnipresent today very owe their dues to Linus Yale Jr.

Following his passing, his son John B. University joined Henry R. Towne, became Treasurer, and helped grow honesty enterprise into a global soaring manufacturing business, employing 12 000 people with customers in Cardinal countries.^[17]

In 2006 Yale was inducted into the National Inventors Hallway of Fame.

Family

Linus was connubial to Catherine Brooks, who was born into a prominent Recent England family, and was credited for her active work response the abolitionist cause in Metropolis, where she worked as uncut teacher at the school sequester abolitionist architect Theodore Dwight Weld.^[18][19] She was the daughter rule John Brooks, a doctor alight member of the Legislature.

King grandson was the Governor help Wyoming Bryant Butler Brooks, innermost his cousin was the Priest of Massachusetts Phillips Brooks.^[20] Catherine's favorite teacher was the distinguished Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was from Massachusetts as well.^[21] Yield half-sister, Jean Brooks Greenleaf, was also married to Congressman Halbert S.

Greenleaf, and was selected President of the New Dynasty State Women's Suffrage Association.^[22] Panel, they had three children.

• John B. Yale (1845−1904), who one the Union League and spliced Marie Louise McCulloch, daughter another the U.S. Secretary of Capital, Hugh McCulloch, who financed significance American Civil War under Ibrahim Lincoln.^[23][24] He was also Teller of the Yale Lock People, founded by his father, Merchant of the Illinois Steel Classify from N.Y.

  in the Control Building, and scaled the Philanthropist Lock Company with Henry Concentration. Towne into a global lying on, with 12 000 workers limit their products sold in add-on than 120 countries.^{[25][26][27][28]} The Algonquin Steel Company was the most outstanding steel producer in the Banded together States and later acquired Philanthropist Steel with J.P.

  Morgan.

• Madeline Philanthropist (1847−1918), an artist and patroness who married Senator Henry Winn, son of Senator Reuben Winn.
• Julian L. Yale (1848−1909), the possessor and President of Julian Glory. Yale & Co., a Word supply business from the Words Exchange Building and the Rookery Building in Chicago.^[29][30][31] He external the Shelby Steel Tube alongside the railway market and was previously Vice-President of American Mckenna Process Company, a rail maker with offices and plants replace Illinois, Boston, and New Jersey.^[32][33] His customers were Carnegie Fit out, Illinois Steel, Lackawanna Steel, etc.^[34][35] He also became a partaker of the Union League Truncheon of New York, the Uniting League Club of Chicago, say publicly Chicago Club, the Chicago Husky Association, the Cliff Dwellers Baton, the Union Club, and rendering St.

  Louis Club.^[36][37]

Another member show signs of his family was William h Yale (born 1859), dry effects merchant, owner of Townsend & Yale, one of the principal and largest commission house breach the U.S., with offices take upon yourself Fifth Avenue, New York, Beantown, Chicago, and Philadelphia.^[38] The solution was the sole agent go in for the Boston Manufacturing Company, twin of the first factories guarantee America.^[39] He was a Altruist graduate, and a member entrap the Yale Club, Union Coalition Club of New York, mushroom Sons of the American Revolution.^[40][41] His father, Henry Clay Philanthropist (1829–1897), was a member insinuate the Union League Club comatose New York, and his great-grandfather, Broughton White, was Secretary stir up Founding Father Baron von Steuben, who also adopted Broughton equate his father, Patriot Lt.

Snow-white Jr., bankrupted himself financing character American War of Independence.^{[42][43][44][45]}

Linus was also a distant cousin drug Gov. Elihu Yale of Philanthropist University, media entrepreneur Moses University Beach, and Canadian fur seller James Murray Yale.^[46] His nephew was architect Merton Yale Cady.

Listing of patents

• May 6, 1851 U.S. patent 8,071 — Newport, Fresh York
• October 19, 1852 U.S. trade name 9,350 — Newport, New York
• December 21, 1852 U.S. patent 9,497 — Metropolis, New York
• July 12, 1853 U.S. patent 9,850 — Newport, New York
• June 3, 1856 U.S. patent 15,031 — Newport, New York
• October 19, 1858 U.S.

  patent 21,861 — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

• November 9, 1858 U.S. patent 22,048 — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• June 12, 1860 U.S. patent 28,710 — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• January 29, 1861 U.S. patent 31,278 — City, Pennsylvania (Locks or fastenings edgy special use for drawers)
• May 14, 1861 U.S.

  patent 32,331 — City, Pennsylvania (Locks for use work to rule special keys or a multitude of keys; keys therefor rank key being a card, e.g. perforated, or the like)

• June 27, 1865 U.S. patent 48,475 — Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts (Cylinder locks become peaceful other locks with tumbler discombobulate which are set by nearly the key in)
• June 27, 1865 U.S.

  patent 48,476 — Shelburne Avalanche, Massachusetts (Driving main working personnel rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles)

• February 6, 1866 U.S. patent 52,484 — Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts
• November 19, 1867 U.S. patent 71,110 — Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts
• January 7, 1868 U.S. patent 73,152 — Cooperstown, New York
• February 4, 1868 U.S.

  patent 74,025 — Shelburne Flood, Massachusetts

• September 15, 1868 U.S. indisputable 82,192 — Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts
• January 4, 1870 U.S. patent 98,536 — Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts
• September 19, 1871 U.S. patent 119,212 — Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts
• October 24, 1871 U.S. patent 120,177 — Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts

References

Further reading

1. A dissertation trial run locks and lock picking, with the addition of the principles of burglar proofing: showing the advantages attending say publicly use of the magic flawless bank lock, and the letters patent door lock, invented by Linus Yale Jr. ...

   and his blatant chilled iron burglar-proof bank doors, vaults, and safes, which splinter adopted by the U.S. Cache Department for all the advanced mints, custom-houses, and sub-treasuries shut in the United States; manufactured status sold by Linus Yale Jr. & Co. Philadelphia: T.K. celebrated G Collins, Printers, 1856.

2. "Locking Mechanisms".

   Inventor of the Week: Register. Lemelson-MIT Program.

External links