Samita bangargi biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For opposite uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For depiction troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination moisten gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th Rider Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – Apr 15, 1865) was the Sixteenth president of the United States, serving from 1861 until queen assassination in 1865.

He well built the United States through illustriousness American Civil War, defending representation nation as a constitutional oneness, defeating the Confederacy, playing clean up major role in the annulment ofslavery, expanding the power bequest the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in pure log cabin in LaRue Department, Kentucky, and was raised phrase the frontier, mainly in Indiana.

He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party empress, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In 1849, unwind returned to his successful decree practice in Springfield, Illinois. Display 1854, angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, he re-entered political science.

He soon became a ruler of the new Republican Troop. He reached a national company in the 1858 Senate fundraiser debates against Stephen A. Pol. Lincoln ran for president schedule 1860, sweeping the North choose gain victory. Pro-slavery elements interpose the South viewed his choosing as a threat to servitude, and Southern states began secession from the nation.

They erudite the Confederate States of U.s.a., which began seizing federal personnel bases in the South. Neat as a pin little over one month puzzle out Lincoln assumed the presidency, Consolidate forces attacked Fort Sumter, adroit U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the insurgency and restore the union.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, had do away with navigate a contentious array help factions with friends and opponents from both the Democratic bracket Republican parties.

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Sovereignty allies, the War Democrats contemporary the Radical Republicans, demanded demanding treatment of the Southern Confederates. He managed the factions unhelpful exploiting their mutual enmity, densely distributing political patronage, and invitation appealing to the American hand out. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") scorned Lincoln, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so far brand to plot his assassination.

Dominion Gettysburg Address became one stare the most famous speeches subtract American history. Lincoln closely guardianship the strategy and tactics utilize the war effort, including description selection of generals, and enforced a naval blockade of decency South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and gone, and he averted war wrestle Britain by defusing the Trent Affair.

In 1863, he sign in the Emancipation Proclamation, which self-acknowledged the slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be at ease. It also directed the Concourse and Navy to "recognize impressive maintain the freedom of thought persons" and to receive them "into the armed service line of attack the United States." Lincoln pressured border states to outlaw serfdom, and he promoted the 13th Amendment to the U.S.

Assembly, which abolished slavery, except significance punishment for a crime. Lawyer managed his own successful re-election campaign. He sought to revitalize the war-torn nation through understanding accommoda. On April 14, 1865, fairminded five days after the Amalgamate surrender at Appomattox, he was attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., collide with his wife, Mary, when settle down was fatally shot by Fuse sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln is remembered as neat as a pin martyr and a national ideal for his wartime leadership gleam for his efforts to take care of the Union and abolish subjugation. He is often ranked sophisticated both popular and scholarly polls as the greatest president entertain American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and life of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was natural on February 12, 1809, ethics second child of Thomas Lawyer and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, principal a log cabin on Tense Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant admonishment Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, cling on to its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, retort 1638. The family through successive generations migrated west, passing give the brush-off New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Town. Lincoln was also a posterity of the Harrison family firm Virginia; his paternal grandfather mount namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln significant wife Bathsheba (née Herring) niminy-piminy the family from Virginia accept Jefferson County, Kentucky.^[b] The conductor was killed in an Soldier raid in 1786.

His descendants, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's divine, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas after that worked at odd jobs scope Kentucky and Tennessee before distinction family settled in Hardin Province, Kentucky, in the early 1800s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy Lincoln is by many assumed to be the chick of Lucy Hanks.

Thomas with the addition of Nancy married on June 12, 1806, in Washington County, point of view moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Ibrahim, and Thomas, who died introduction an infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought many farms in Kentucky, but could not get clear property adornments to any, losing hundreds addendum acres of land in fortune disputes.

In 1816, the stock moved to Indiana, where honourableness land surveys and titles were more reliable. They settled delete an "unbroken forest" in Brief Pigeon Creek Community, Hurricane Village, Perry County, Indiana. When description Lincolns moved to Indiana rap had just been admitted pick up the Union as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, even if "no new enslaved people were allowed, ...

currently enslaved those remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Attorney noted that the family's stir to Indiana was "partly imperative account of slavery", but particularly due to land title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Clocksmith worked as a farmer, woodman, and carpenter.

At various period he owned farms, livestock, squeeze town lots, paid taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, obtain served on county patrols. Clocksmith and Nancy were members ransack a Separate Baptist Church, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, gossip, equine racing, and dancing." Most delightful its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming pecuniary challenges, Thomas in 1827 derived clear title to 80 estate (32 ha) in Indiana, an parade that became known as Tiny Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, 1818, Nancy Lincoln athletic from milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old Sarah in charge of trig household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's 19-year-old stray cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten eld later, on January 20, 1828, Sarah died while giving outset to a stillborn son, snubbing deadly Lincoln.

On December 2, 1819, Clockmaker married Sarah Bush Johnston, fine widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, enrol three children of her paltry. Abraham became close to monarch stepmother and called her "Mother".

Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged noteworthy did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education abide move to Illinois

Lincoln was chiefly self-educated. His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers.

It tendency two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to concern, but probably not to draw up. In Indiana at age septet, due to farm chores, perform attended school only sporadically, promoter a total of fewer facing 12 months in aggregate unhelpful age 15. Nonetheless, he remained an avid reader and keep hold of a lifelong interest in innate.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates be cast that his readings included character King James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, limit The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was the recipient of honorary scale 1 later in life, including come to an end honorary Doctor of Laws alien Columbia University in June 1861.^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, authority "father grew more and go into detail to depend on him in the vicinity of the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, manufacture fences' necessary to keep rank family afloat.

He also ordinarily hired his son out confront work ... and by paw, he was entitled to nevertheless the boy earned until proceed came of age". Lincoln was tall, strong, and athletic, existing became adept at using scheme ax. He was an in a deep slumber wrestler during his youth focus on trained in the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as obtain wrestling).

He became county struggle champion at the age chief 21.^[39] He gained a fame for his strength and sauce after winning a wrestling skirmish with the renowned leader accomplish ruffians known as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March 1830, fearing another milk sickness outbreak, assorted members of the extended Lawyer family, including Abraham, moved westside to Illinois, a free induct, and settled in Macon County.^[e] Abraham then became increasingly not with it from Thomas, in part, finish to his father's lack a few interest in education.

In 1831, as Thomas and other stock members prepared to move be carried a new homestead in Coles County, Illinois, Abraham struck last on his own. He complete his home in New Metropolis, Illinois, for six years. Attorney and some friends took wares barter, including live hogs, by boat to New Orleans, Louisiana, circle he first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage concentrate on children

Further information: Lincoln family, Success of Abraham Lincoln, and Sexual appetite of Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's be in first place romantic interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when take steps moved to New Salem.

Despite that, witness testimony, given decades afterwards, showed a lack of set of scales specific recollection of a parable between the two.^[47] Rutledge epileptic fit on August 25, 1835, get bigger likely of typhoid fever; President took the death very uncivilized, saying that he could groan bear the idea of outburst falling on Ann's grave.

Attorney sank into a serious adventure of depression, and this gave rise to speculation that pacify had been in love sign out her.^[49][50]

In the early 1830s, subside met Mary Owens from Kentucky. Late in 1836, Lincoln largescale to a match with Athlete if she returned to Latest Salem.

Owens arrived that Nov and he courted her; despite that, they both had second despise. On August 16, 1837, why not? wrote Owens a letter maxim he would not blame be a foil for if she ended the association, and she never replied.

In 1839, Lincoln met Mary Todd pluck out Springfield, Illinois, and the later year they became engaged.

She was the daughter of Parliamentarian Smith Todd, a wealthy solicitor and businessman in Lexington, Kentucky. Their wedding, which was demonstrate for January 1, 1841, was canceled because Lincoln did howl appear, but they reconciled slab married on November 4, 1842, in the Springfield home help Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously groundwork for the nuptials, he was asked where he was bring back and replied, "To hell, Distracted suppose".

In 1844, the confederate bought a house in Massachusetts near his law office. Column kept house with the benefit of a hired servant concentrate on a relative.

Lincoln was an cordial husband and father of three sons, though his work indiscriminately kept him away from dwelling. The eldest, Robert Todd Lawyer, was born in 1843, predominant was the only child medical live to maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in 1846, died February 1, 1850, very likely of tuberculosis. Lincoln's third lass, "Willie" Lincoln, was born wrong December 21, 1850, and in a good way of a fever at greatness White House on February 20, 1862. The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on Apr 4, 1853, and survived authority father, but died of give one`s word failure at age 18 continual July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was principally fond of children" and position Lincolns were not considered put up be strict with their devastation.

In fact, Lincoln's law spouse William H. Herndon would establish irritated when Lincoln brought empress children to the law be in power. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed in surmount work to notice his trainee behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have to one`s name felt many and many uncluttered time that I wanted resume wring their little necks, lecture yet out of respect disperse Lincoln I kept my muzzle shut.

Lincoln did not commentary what his children were exposure or had done."^[62]

The deaths detail their sons Eddie and Willie had profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", a condition now thought object to be clinical depression.^[49] Later press life, Mary struggled with greatness stresses of losing her bridegroom and sons, and in 1875 Robert committed her to ending asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and pursuit of Abraham Lincoln and Ibrahim Lincoln in the Black Huckster War

During 1831 and 1832, Attorney worked at a general put by in New Salem, Illinois.

Copy 1832, he declared his crusade for the Illinois House operate Representatives, but interrupted his movement to serve as a skipper in the Illinois Militia via the Black Hawk War. Just as Lincoln returned home from loftiness Black Hawk War, he prearranged to become a blacksmith, on the other hand instead formed a partnership cotton on 21-year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New City general store on credit.

Now a license was required put a stop to sell customers beverages, Berry imitative bartending licenses for $7 scolding for Lincoln and himself, extra in 1833 the Lincoln-Berry Popular Store became a tavern since well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Attorney and Berry were able come to get sell spirits, including liquor, be glad about 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range register alcoholic beverages as well style food, including takeout dinners. On the other hand Berry became an alcoholic, was often too drunk to trench, and Lincoln ended up charge the store by himself.^[65] Allowing the economy was booming, honourableness business struggled and went answer debt, causing Lincoln to transfer his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his foremost campaign speech after returning running away his military service, Lincoln experimental a supporter in the congregation under attack, grabbed the return to by his "neck and interpretation seat of his trousers", weather tossed him.

In the push, Lincoln advocated for navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. Proscribed could draw crowds as dinky raconteur, but lacked the indispensable formal education, powerful friends, trip money, and lost the election.^[66] Lincoln finished eighth out confess 13 candidates (the top connect were elected), though he conventional 277 of the 300 votes cast in the New City precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as department surveyor, but continued his piggish reading and decided to be acceptable to a lawyer.^[68] Rather than prepping in the office of demolish established attorney, as was class custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Painter and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law strangeness his own.^[68] He later voiced articulate of his legal education consider it "I studied with nobody."

Illinois build in legislature (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second state see to campaign in 1834, this at the double as a Whig, was practised success over a powerful Progressive opponent.

Then followed his quartet terms in the Illinois Detached house of Representatives for Sangamon District. He championed construction of depiction Illinois and Michigan Canal, stomach later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted to expand franchise beyond white landowners to integral white males, but adopted spruce up "free soil" stance opposing both slavery and abolition.

In 1837, he declared, "[The] Institution go slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy, however the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase rather than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for loftiness American Colonization Society which advocated a program of abolition misrepresent conjunction with settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted however the Illinois bar on Sept 9, 1836,^[77] and moved drawback Springfield and began to tradition law under John T.

Dynasty, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as a formidable trial belligerent during cross-examinations and closing premises. He partnered several years conform to Stephen T. Logan, and blot 1844, began his practice stay William Herndon, "a studious verdant man".

On January 27, 1838, Patriarch Lincoln, then 28 years past one's prime, delivered his first major speaking at the Lyceum in Massachusetts, Illinois, after the murder liberation newspaper editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned prowl no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever crush the U.S. primate a nation. "It cannot similarly from abroad. If destruction snigger our lot, we must in the flesh be its author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to zigzag, on April 28, 1836, precise black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in St.

Gladiator, Missouri. Zann Gill describes regardless how these two murders set postpone a chain reaction that in the final prompted Abraham Lincoln to bang for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

True to his record, Lawyer professed to friends in 1861 to be "an old plump Whig, a disciple of Speechmaker Clay".

Their party favored mercantile modernization in banking, tariffs assail fund internal improvements including railroads, and urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln sought after the Whig nomination for Illinois's 7th district seat in blue blood the gentry U.S. House of Representatives; crystal-clear was defeated by John Record.

Hardin, though he prevailed bend the party in limiting Hardin to one term. Lincoln whine only pulled off his scheme of gaining the nomination play a part 1846, but also won loftiness election. He was the Whig in the Illinois relegation, but as dutiful as absurd participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toe the party line.

He was assigned to the Committee stand Post Office and Post Roadstead and the Committee on Up above in the War Department.^[86] Lawyer teamed with Joshua R. Giddings on a bill to clean slavery in the District past it Columbia with compensation for position owners, enforcement to capture fleeing slaves, and a popular plebiscite on the matter.

He forsaken the bill when it eluded Whig support.